Steinn Stikkmann

The great petroglyph artist of the Nordic Iron Age and Late Antiquity

Allan Krill, Professor of Geology
Trondheim, Norway


I have studied photographs and tracings of Scandinavian petroglyphs and tried to recognize individual artists by their quirks. I now think that only three artists —whom I call Steinn Stikkmann, Ingi Innrisser, and Oddr Omrisser— made nearly all the petroglyphs in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. Stikkmann also made most of the petroglyphs in Aussois, France and Valcamonica, Italy.

I hypothesize that Steinn Stikkmann invented the nailpoint technique, and Innrisser and Omrisser got the idea from him. There are runes at eight of Stikkmann's sites: at Stuberg, Ytterøya, Tessem, Kårstad, Myklestad-Tysnes, Askum, (Tanum 441?), Herrestad, and Himmelstalund. Except for Kårstad, the runes are undeciphered, and some may have been meaningless. But they show characters of the Elder Futhark alphabet, which was in use about 400 CE. The runes give us the age of Stikkmann's petroglyphs. He also engraved a swastika —an Iron Age symbol— at Stuberg, Bjørngård, Herdlevær, Inderøya, Kårstad, Tossene, Svarteborg, and Askum. The two swastikas at Askum were his own design, known in Italy as Camunian roses.
       All three artists showed longships with animal-head prows, which were probably precursors of Viking dragon-head prows. Captains in some of Stikkmann's boats are wearing Viking-style helmets with horns. The petroglyphs were surely made before 800 CE, because Viking longships had sails by then. I think that Stikkmann lived about year 400 and Innrisser and Omrisser lived sometime between 400 and 600 CE. The Viking Age is said to have begun about 800 CE, but petroglyphs show that longship voyages were being taken 400 years earlier.


It is possible to consider the skills, styles, motifs, and locations of the petroglyphs, and speculate about the artists' careers and travels. I explain my current interpretations here. In the blog links at the bottom of this page, I explain my hypotheses and discoveries over the past three years. I tend to write my interpretations with few hedge words, as if they are certain. But all my hypotheses are subject to change. (In art history, even some 'facts' are hypotheses.)


Steinn Stikkmann discovered how to use a nail as a stabbing tool (stikkvåpen) to peck the soft rocks in Gauldalen, central Norway. He practiced nailpoint engraving by making round 'cup marks' and sets of matching shoe prints that never show a pattern of walking. He also tried engraving with a knife point. Archaeologists have noted that the petroglyphs in Gauldalen are relatively crude.
       Stikkmann's favorite motif was boats. He drew some symmetrical longships with two extensions fore and two extensions aft, like the Iron Age boat that was buried at Hjortspring, Denmark in about 350 BCE. But most of Stikkmann's boats were more seaworthy, with high bows and sterns. He drew several thousand of them. Most of the boats are asymmetrical, with long keel-extensions fore and short keel-extensions aft. They are said to be Late Bronze Age boats from about 700 BCE to 500 BCE, but they could have been in use in the Iron Age about 400 CE. Curiously, Stikkmann never indicated water or the water line. He showed the complete hull of each boat, including the parts of the keel extensions that would be hidden under water.





Stikkmann's art is highly stylized and very consistent. He drew slimline horses, men with long thin legs or exaggerated calf muscles, and small round heads on long thin necks. When he showed arms, they were usually up in the air and the hands had outstretched fingers or were holding something. He often drew penises on his men —sometimes a penis and scrotum, but often looking like a knife, sword, stick, or extraneous line. He used a ponytail hair style to indicate women. He exaggerated some things, such as extra-long longships with over a hundred crew members. The pairs of crewmen are usually shown simply as vertical lines, but sometimes with round heads. At a few sites he showed the men in detail, holding paddles. In some ships he added two or three giants that tower over the other men in the boat.


Stikkmann's petroglyph sites show where he traveled. I think he started at Foss in Gauldalen (area 'A' on the map below) where he made cup marks on over 50 panels. Foss was an important settlement in 400 CE, with a bog-iron smelting facility. Because of the dangerous rapids (foss) on the Gaula River, the chief of a travel station there could serve people traveling along this major inland route through Norway. Archaeologists have found a chief's burial site at Foss containing artifacts of gold. Steinn Stikkmann may have been a chief's son, and learned runes from an educated traveler. I imagine that young Steinn was inspired by travelers' tales, and the strange dialects of people from southern Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. As an adult, he became one of the greatest travelers of his time. He made petroglyphs in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Northern Germany, England, Portugal, and the Western Alps and Eastern Alps.



From Foss, Stikkmann went via Gauldalen (area B) to Selbustrand (C) where he found boulders of granite that had been carried by glaciers from Sweden and deposited during the Ice Ages. I think he was impressed with the qualities of granite, which is practically nonexistent in the bedrock of central Norway. He engraved petroglyphs on many of the boulders. He then went to Trondheimsfjord, where he may have stayed for a few years. He made petroglyphs at dozens of sites between Stjørdal (D) and Steinkjer (E). He worked near farms and along paths between farms. During that time, he hopped on a boat and took a trip north to Tjøtta (F), which was an important settlement in the Viking Age and in pre-Viking times.
       Below is a typical panel by Stikkmann at Tessem in the Steinkjer area (E). Note the shoe prints, two cup marks, slimline horses, and two phallic men with outstretched arms and exaggerated hands. There are two of his typical boats —one with 10 crewmen (or 20 if each line is a pair) and the other with 15 (or 30). Another panel nearby shows Elder Futhark runes and a boat.



Stikkmann left Trøndelag, central Norway and began a great journey, maybe searching for bedrock panels (not just boulders) of granite. He may have begun at Foss (area A) in the spring. He walked to Rennebu (G) and Oppdal. He made only a few petroglyphs on this part of his trip, maybe because there was still snow on the ground. He avoided the high snowy mountains of Dovrefjell by walking west to Gravem (H) and out to the fjords. Then he traveled by longship around the coast (I,J,K) all the way to the southern tip of Norway (L). He did not continue further east along the coast —no petroglyph has ever been found in Aust-Agder. Instead, he made a U-turn and went back to Stavanger (K) and then traveled inland to Røldal and Sporanes (M) to Skien (N). From there he went wide around Oslofjord (N-O-P) and then came to the Østfold-Bohuslän area (P).
       Stikkmann probably spent many years in the Østfold-Bohuslän area (P), working with the Bohus Granite. He made petroglyphs on thousands of rock panels there. The Bohus Granite was ideal for his petroglyphs. The granite panels are especially hard and smooth, with no layering and relatively few fractures. Geologically, it is the youngest and freshest granite in Sweden. (Gustav Vigeland used it to carve the monolith and statues in Frognerparken in Oslo.)
       There are no petroglyphs on the small islands of Bohuslän. Many of the sites were islands in the Bronze Age but are not islands today, and were not islands in 400 CE when Stikkmann was working there. That shows that Stikkmann walked from site to site, and did not use a boat. If the petroglyphs had been made in the Bronze Age, boats would have been needed to get to many sites. If boats had been used, petroglyphs would also have been made at places that are still islands today.
       Stikkmann went far beyond the Bohus Granite, searching for other good-quality rocks and rock panels. He didn't yet know that the Bohus Granite was the best in Sweden. He explored much of central and southern Sweden, and the islands Orust, Öland, Gotland, and Bornholm. He walked along the north side of Mälaren, a bay of the Baltic Sea, and preferred that area's hard quartz-rich gneiss for his engravings (see Löfstedt & Löwenborg 2025). As in Bohuslän, he did not use a boat to visit islands in the Mälaren bay.
       Stikkmann never went to northern parts of Sweden —cup marks and his figurative petroglyphs are only found in the south. The map below from The National Atlas of Sweden shows the distribution of petroglyphs registered before 1994. The eight sites in northern Sweden (engraved by Omrisser and Innrisser) are not shown. There are no cup marks there.


I suppose that Stikkmann owned no house or property, and that people gave him room and board wherever he went. Being educated (able to read runes) and speaking with a strange dialect, he was probably a popular house guest. He could enrich people's lives by telling of faraway places, and by leaving his art. His work must have been appreciated, because he was asked to engrave rock slabs for the monuments at Sagaholm and Kivik.
       I think at Kivik he was shown a Bronze Age-style axe, or a detailed drawing of that special axe shape, and he carefully reproduced it for an engraving (see the pictures below). After that, he drew versions of that axe type in Bohuslän. His images of axes helped convince Oscar Montelius, the most influential Scandinavian archaeologist, that the petroglyphs were from the Bronze Age. But Stikkmann drew the images in the Iron Age. Drawings of objects, and even bronze objects themselves (such as the Trundholm model horse and chariot) can give false old ages. (That item may have been Viking plunder that was disposed of in a bog.)


A few other people probably tried engraving. I think the famous maypole at Tanum was engraved by someone else. If there had been many petroglyph artists, I think we would see practice panels where new beginners were learning to engrave. Wall art by inexperienced artists cannot be erased or hidden. Also, if there had been many artists, there would be other styles and motifs, such as boats in the water, full-bodied horses, and footprints showing walking. Other artists would have their quirks that would help us to identify them.
       One of Stikkmann's special motifs was two horses pulling a chariot, which he engraved at Staveneset (area I) and Begby (area P) in Norway, and then at many places in Sweden. He also liked to show processions of men (most without arms.) He engraved his first processions at Leirfall (D) and Bakke-Kalhagen (J), and then at many places in Sweden.


When Stikkmann encountered rock types and rock panels that were of poor quality, he made mostly cup marks, not figurative images. We see that from his visit to Orust where Bohus Granite is absent. There he engraved 2175 cup marks on 192 rock panels. The only figurative images are 35 footprints, 4 boats, and 3 humans. In Denmark, where there are no large rock panels, he made thousands of cup marks and almost no figures.
       Stikkmann wandered all around Denmark, looking for hard bedrock panels to engrave. He could not know that there is no bedrock exposed anywhere because soft sedimentary rock layers cover the entire country. He did find large stones. Except for flint nodules, the stones in Denmark were brought there by Ice Age glaciers from Norway and Sweden. He tagged over 500 stones with cup marks, but made very few figurative engravings. About 30% of the stones he chose had been arranged or stacked at Bronze Age graves. Stikkmann typically tagged the capstone or some other prominent stone.
       The association of cup marks with grave monuments reinforced the incorrect belief that the petroglyphs of Denmark and Sweden are Bronze Age artifacts. The archaeologist P.V. Glob (1969) noted that cup marks seem to be unrelated to the graves themselves, but were made for some unknown purpose. A few thousand Bronze Age graves still exist in Denmark, and Glob estimated that 4% of them have a cup-marked stone.

Cup.marked stones in Denmark that also have a figurative image. The white chalk was removed after the photos were taken.

Late in life, Stikkmann left Bohuslän and traveled all the way to Italy, where he worked at many sites from Aussois in the Western Alps to Valcamonica in the Eastern Alps. He must have gone by boat, as he made an engraving of his Camunian swastika (with four lobes that loop around nine cup marks) at Ilkley West Yorkshire England and another at Castro de Guifões Portugal.

Raä Skee 620 in Bohuslän. Fleets of boats routinely went as far as Italy. They may have been trading amber for bronze.

Stikkmann made no boat engravings in Valcamonica. I think his boat-obsession became a boat-aversion after his 6000 km-long sea voyage. He never returned to Scandinavia. Instead of boats, he drew short-handled paddles. They seem to be unrelated to other images, like his cup marks and shoe prints. Otherwise, he repeated many of the motifs that he had used in Bohuslän —thousands of cup marks, thousands of shoe prints, Camunian swastikas (28 of them),  men with small heads, long necks, and arms up,  men with spears,  dueling men,  men standing on horses,  plowing scenes,  standing birds,  dogs chasing deer,  deer with penises, and more.
       Stikkmann's phallic men in Scandinavia are said to indicate a fertility cult, and in Valcamonica they are said to indicate ithyphallic deities. But showing penises was simply one of Stikkmann's quirks. Another quirk is the fingers-spread and arms-up pose of his men. Also his warriors have their arms up. It is not a worshipping pose (as said in Scandinavia) or a praying pose (as said in Valcamonica.)

Map and Valcamonica photos: four from the website of Underslös museum and two from Wikipedia.

Many of the images at Valcamonica are not as precisely engraved as those in Sweden. Stikkmann made petroglyphs at Foss (area A) before he was skilled at engraving, and he continued to make petroglyphs at Valcamonica (Z) after he lost the interest or the ability to engrave precisely. Some of his last engravings may have been images of buildings (see one in the photo above). They are lofts, the unique style of farm guest house with grass growing on the roof, that Stikkmann had probably stayed in while traveling in Norway and Sweden.


Click on a site name to see some of the petroglyph images.
Arnstad, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Askum, Bohuslän +page (Stikkmann) [runes]
Askvoll, Vestland (Stikkmann)
Aspeberget, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Aubeberget, Rogaland +page (Stikkmann)
Auran, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Backa, Bohuslän +page (Stikkmann)
Bakke, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Bakke-Kalhagen (Herand, Jondal), Vestland (Stikkmann)
Balken, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Bardal I, Trøndelag (Stikkmann + Omrisser)
Bardal II, Trøndelag (Stikkmann + Omrisser) [39% cup marks, 21% shoe soles]
Bardal III, Trøndelag (Innrisser)
Bavnehøj, Bornholm (Stikkmann) [99% cup marks]
Begby, Østfold (Stikkmann)
Berga, Västmanland (Stikkmann)
Berget, Buskerud (Stikkmann)
Bingsfossen, Akershus +page (Stikkmann)
Björksta, Västmanland (Stikkmann)
Bjørngård, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Blindern, Oslo (Stikkmann)
Blåholt, Bornholm (Stikkmann) [44% cup marks]
Boglösa, Uppland (Stikkmann)
Boglösaby, Uppland (Stikkmann)
Bokenäs, Bohuslän (Stikkmann) [95% cup marks]
Borgenveien, Østfold (Stikkmann)
Bornholm, Denmark (Stikkmann)
Brandskog, Uppland (Stikkmann)
Brastad, Bohuslän +page (Stikkmann) [36% cup marks]
Bremset, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Brillinge, Uppsala (Stikkmann)
Bro, Bohuslän (Stikkmann) [74% cup marks]
Brobakken (Hvittingfoss), Buskerud (Stikkmann)
Brogård, Bornholm (Stikkmann) [28% cup marks]
Bru, Rogaland (Stikkmann + Omrisser)
Bruteigsteinen (Etne), Vestland (Stikkmann)
Brændesgård, Bornholm (Stikkmann) [72% cup marks]
Buøy, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Bärfendal, Bohuslän (Stikkmann) [57% cup marks]
Bø, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Capo di Ponte, Valcamonica, Italy (Stikkmann)
Carschenna, Switzerland (Stikkmann)
Cemmo, Valcamonica, Italy (Stikkmann)
Dalbo (Kolsås), Akershus +page (Stikkmann)
Disåsen, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Egna hem, Norrköping (Stikkmann) [45% cup marks]
Ekeberg (Ekebergsletta), Oslo (Stikkmann) [>90% cup marks]
Ekenberg, Norrköping (Stikkmann)
Emelieborg, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Etne, Vestland (Stikkmann)
Evenhus, Trøndelag (Stikkmann + Omrisser)
Evjestien, Østfold (Stikkmann)
Finntorp, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Fiskeby, Norrköping (Stikkmann)
Fjøsnaneset, Vestland (Stikkmann)
Flatøya, Nordland (Stikkmann)
Fluberget, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Flyhov, Västergötland (Stikkmann)
Fordal, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Forselv (Skjomen), Nordland (Omrisser) [3D rhombic 'signature']
Forshälla, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Foss, Trøndelag (Stikkmann) [68% cup marks]
Foss, Bohuslän (Stikkmann) [67% cup marks]
Fossum, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Frännarp, Skåne (Stikkmann) [45% cup marks]
Fåglum, Västergötland (Stikkmann) [30% cup marks, 70% footprints]
Fårö, Gotland (Stikkmann) [58% cup marks]
Gamnes, Finnmark (Innrisser)
Gardshaug (Ølberg), Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Geithus, Buskerud (Innrisser + Omrisser)
Gerum, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Gjettum, Akershus (Stikkmann)
Gjerpen (Løberg, Skien), Telemark (Stikkmann)
Gjeving, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Glömminge, Småland (Stikkmann) [69% cup marks]
Glösa, Jämtland (Innrisser)
Granaune, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Gravem, Møre og Romsdal (Stikkmann)
Grinneröd, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Grødby, Bornholm (Stikkmann) [99% cup marks]
Gråbrekk, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Guifões, Portugal (Stikkmann)
Görlöf, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Gåshopen, Finnmark (Innrisser)
Hafslund, Østfold (Stikkmann)
Haga, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Hagen, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Hallinge, Stockholm (Stikkmann)
Hamarhaug, Vestland (Stikkmann)
Hammer I, IV, V, VI, VIII, X, XIII, XIV, XV, Trøndelag (Omrisser)
Hammer II, III, XI, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Hammer IX, Trøndelag (Stikkmann + Omrisser)
Hammersholm, Bornholm (Stikkmann) [90% cup marks]
Hananger, Agder (Stikkmann)
Harastad, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Hasslöv, (Lassahussteinen), Halland (Stikkmann)
Hauge, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Haugen, Vestfold (Stikkmann)
Hegre, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Helgaberget, Vestland (Stikkmann)
Hell, Trøndelag +page, (Omrisser) [knife-point technique] [3D rhombic 'signature']
Hellestø, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Hemsta, Uppland (Stikkmann)
Hennebygda, Vestland (Stikkmann)
Herand (Jondal, Bakke-Kalhagen), Vestland (Stikkmann)
Herjangen, Nordland (Omrisser)
Herrebro, Norrköping (Stikkmann)
Herrestad, Bohuslän (Stikkmann) [runes, 81% cup marks]
Himmelstalund, Norrköping +page (Stikkmann) [runes]
Hinna (Honhammer, Tingvoll), Møre og Romsdal (Omrisser) [ocher technique]
Hjulatorp, Kronobergs län (Stikkmann)
Hodnafjell, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Hogdal, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Holtås I, Trøndelag (Innrisser)
Holtås I, II, Trøndelag (Omrisser)
Hommelvik I, II (Steinaldervegen), Trøndelag (Omrisser)
Hommelvik III (Flathomen, Muruvik), Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Honnhammerneset (Tingvoll), Møre og Romsdal (Omrisser) [ocher technique]
Hoppestad (Skien), Telemark (Stikkmann)
Horjem, Trøndelag (Omrisser)
Horsahallen, Blekinge (Stikkmann)
Husebø, Agder (Stikkmann)
Hvitlycke, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Häljesta, Västmanland (Stikkmann) [50% cup marks]
Hästhallen, Skåne (Stikkmann)
Hästholmen, Östergötland (Stikkmann) [61% cup marks]
Hästskotjärn, Jämtland (Omrisser) [ocher technique]
Högadal, Blekinge (Stikkmann)
Högsbyn, Dalsland +page (Stikkmann)
Håby, Bohuslän (Stikkmann) [96% cup marks]
Håhaugsteinen, Vestland (Stikkmann)
Ilkley Moor, West Yorkshire England (Stikkmann)
Ingstad, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Isnestoften (Langnesholmen), Finnmark (Innrisser + Omrisser)
Järrestad, Skåne +page (Stikkmann) [58% cup marks]
Jätteberget, Älvsborg (Stikkmann)
Jörlov, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Kalleberg, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Kalleby, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Kanozero, Russia
Karlsberget, Norrköping (Stikkmann)
Kattaberget (Bø i Sokndal), Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Katthammar, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Kil, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Kivik (King's Grave, Bredarör), Skåne (Stikkmann)
Kjernevik (Kjøbenhavnerbukta), Rogland (Stikkmann)
Klinta, Öland (Stikkmann)
Klockaretorpet, Norrköping (Stikkmann)
Klokkesteinen (Ytterøya), Trøndelag (Stikkmann) [runes]
Krabbestig (Husevågøy), Vestland (Stikkmann)
Krokstad, Bohuslän (Stikkmann) [100% cup marks]
Kråkenes (Lundeveien), Agder (Stikkmann)
Kråkhaug (Helland), Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Kvennavika, Trøndelag (Omrisser)
Kvernevik, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Kviljo, Agder (Stikkmann)
Kville, Västergötland +page +page (Stikkmann)
Kyrkstigen, Västergötland (Stikkmann)
Kårstad, Vestland (Stikkmann) [runes]
Ladvik, Stockholm (Stikkmann)
Landverk (Ånnsjön), Jämtland (Omrisser)
Lane-Ryr, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Langeland, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Langnesholmen (Isnestoften), Finnmark (Innrisser + Omrisser)
Leiknes, Nordland (Omrisser) [lichen-scraping technique]
Leirbukt, Finnmark (Innrisser)
Leirfall, Trøndelag (Stikkmann) [11% cup marks, 41% shoe prints]
Leirvåg, Vestland (Stikkmann)
Leonardsberg, Norrköping (Stikkmann)
Lier (Bygdetun), Buskerud (Stikkmann)
Lier (Utenga), Buskerud (Innrisser + Omrisser)
Lille Strandbygård, Bornholm (Stikkmann) [77% cup marks]
Litlevåg-Meling (Åmøy), Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Litsleby, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Ljung, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Lommeland, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Lunde, Agder (Stikkmann)
Lur, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Lycke, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Lyse, Bohuslän (Stikkmann) [47% cup marks]
Lärbro, Gotland (Stikkmann) [13% cup marks, 78% shoe prints]
Løkeberget, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Løland, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Lövåsen, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Lånke (Tønsåsen), Trøndelag (Omrisser)
Madsebakke, Bornholm (Stikkmann) [81% cup marks]
Maresø, Bornholm (Stikkmann) [73% cup marks]
Massleberg, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Melhus, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Melingsjøvegen (Åmøy), Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Mjønes (Vågan), Nordland (Omrisser) [lichen-scraping technique]
Mo, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Molteberghellene, Østfold (Stikkmann)
Mona, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Monte Bégo, France +page
Møllerstufossen, Innlandet (Innrisser)
Nag, Rogaland (Stikkmann + Omrisser)
Naquane, Valcamonica Italy (Stikkmann)
Naverstad, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Nedre Tasta, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Nes (Josarsaklubben, Lødingen), Nordland (Omrisser) [lichen-scraping technique]
Nexø (Fandens keglebane), Bornholm (Stikkmann) [97% cup marks]
Nordbø (Skien), Telemark (Stikkmann)
Norr Edsten 15 (Kville), Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Norrfors, Norrland +page (Omrisser)
Nytjønna, Trøndelag (Innrisser)
Nämforsen, Västernorrlands län (Innrisser + Omrisser)
Näsinge, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Okkenhaug, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Ombo (Trettestykkje), Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Onega, Russia
Onsbæk, Bornholm (Stikkmann) [99% cup marks]
Oppauran, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Oppeby, Södermanland (Stikkmann)
Orust, Bohuslän (Stikkmann) [96% cup marks]
Otterbäcken, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Penne, Agder (Stikkmann)
Pryssgården, Norrköping (Stikkmann) [100% cup marks, 520 total]
Pyntelund (Bjørnstadskipet), Østfold (Stikkmann)
Ramberg, Akershus +page (Stikkmann)
Rauhammer, Trøndelag (Omrisser) [ocher technique]
Re, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Reitaneset, Møre og Romsdal (Innrisser?)
Rennebu, Trøndelag (Stikkmann) [100% cup marks]
Revheim, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Revlan, Trøndelag (Stikkmann + Omrisser)
Rickeby, Uppland (Stikkmann)
Ringeby, Bornholm (Stikkmann) [99% cup marks]
Roskar (Herøy, Gurskøya), Møre og Romsdal +page (Stikkmann)
Rudlo, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Rykkje (Kvam), Vestland (Omrisser)
Røkke, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Røsand, Møre og Romsdal (Omrisser)
Råhaugen, Østfold (Stikkmann)
Sagaholm, Jönköping (Stikkmann)
Sagelva (Tømmerneset), Nordland (Omrisser) [lichen-scraping technique]
Salsnes (Reppen), Trøndelag (Omrisser)
Salthammeren (Vangdal), Vestland (Innrisser + Omrisser)
Salthammeren (Vangdal) upper panel, Vestland (Omrisser)
Salthammeren (Vangdal) lower panel, Vestland (Stikkmann)
Samnøy, Vestland (Stikkmann)
Sandane (Gloppen, Austrheim), Vestland (Stikkmann)
Sandhalsen, Trøndelag (Omrisser) [ocher technique]
Sandåker, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Sanne, Bohuslän (Stikkmann) [100% cup marks]
Selbustrand, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Seradina-Bedolina, Valcamonica, Italy (Stikkmann)
Simrislund, Skåne (Stikkmann)
Sjøhagen-Meling (Åmøy), Rogaland (Stikkmann + Omrisser)
Skavberget 1,2, Troms (Omrisser)
Skavberget 3, Troms (Innrisser + Omrisser)
Skee, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Skepplanda, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Skien (Gjerpen), Telemark (Stikkmann)
Skogerveien, Buskerud +page (Innrisser)
Skredsvik, Bohuslän (Stikkmann) [75% cup marks]
Skälv, Norrköping (Stikkmann)
Slagsta, Södermanland +page (Stikkmann) [84% cup marks]
Slavlo, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Slettjord, Nordland (Omrisser)
Slettnes, Finnmark (Innrisser)
Sola, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Solbakk, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Solberg, Østfold +page (Stikkmann)
Sotorp, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Sporanes (Sporaneset, Rauland), Telemark (Stikkmann)
St Almegård, Bornholm (Stikkmann) [99% cup marks]
Stavenes (Staveneset, Askvoll, Unneset, Mjåset), Vestland (Stikkmann)
Steinsodden (Stein, Steinsholmen), Innlandet (Innrisser) (+Omrisser)
Stokkan, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Storløkkebakke, Bornholm (Stikkmann) [69% cup marks]
Storsteinen Alta, Finnmark (Innrisser) (+Omrisser)
Strand, Trøndelag (Omrisser)
Stuberg (Støberg), Trøndelag (Stikkmann) [runes]
Stugåsberget, Älvsborg (Stikkmann)
Stykket, Trøndelag (Omrisser)
Sundvollen, Buskerud +page +page (Stikkmann)
Surnadal, Møre og Romsdal (Innrisser)
Svanhalla, Blekinge (Stikkmann)
Svarteborg, Bohuslän (Stikkmann) [57% cup marks]
Sverstad Søndre, Vestfold (Stikkmann)
Søbstad, Møre og Romsdal (Omrisser)
Sør-Sunde, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Tanum, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Tegneby, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Tennes (Bukkhammaren), Troms (Innrisser
Tennes (Gråberget), Troms (Innrisser + Omrisser)
Tennes (Kirkely), Troms (Innrisser + Omrisser)
Tessem, Trøndelag (Stikkmann) [runes]
Tjursåker, Uppland (Stikkmann)
Tjøtta (Tro, Rødøya), Nordland (Stikkmann)
Tjøtta (Valen, Rødøya, Røøyen), Nordland (Omrisser)
Torhamn, Blekinge (Stikkmann)
Torsbo, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Tose, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Tossene, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Ullshelleren/Valldalen, Vestland (Stikkmann)
Unneset, Vestland (Stikkmann)
Utsikten-Alvim, Østfold (Stikkmann)
Ulvudden (Värmlandsnäs), Värmland (Stikkmann)
Valcamonica, Italy (Stikkmann)
Valla, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Valle (Finnhågen, Efjord), Nordland +page +page (Omrisser)
Vallen, Västmanland (Stikkmann)
Valtellina, Italy (Stikkmann)
Vangdal (Salthammeren), Vestland (Innrisser + Omrisser)
Verdal, Trøndelag (Omrisser)
Vigdel, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Vik on Rolla, Troms (Omrisser)
Vikan, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Vitlycke, Bohuslän (Stikkmann)
Vingen, Vestland (Innrisser)
Vinja, Vestland (Stikkmann)
Vistnesdalen (Vistnes, Vevelstad), Nordland +page (Omrisser)
Vrångstad, Bohuslän (Stikkmann) [77% cup marks]
Vyg (Zalavruga), Russia
Vågholmveien, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Ydstines, Trøndelag (Stikkmann)
Ytterøya, Trøndelag (Stikkmann) [runes]
Ølbør, Rogaland (Stikkmann)
Örsta, Uppland (Stikkmann)
Åbodsjön, Ångermanland (Omrisser) [ocher technique]
Åby, Bohuslän+page (Stikkmann)
Åby, Norrköping (Stikkmann) [22% cup marks]
Åkirkeby (Fandens keglebane), Bornholm (Stikkmann) [94% cup marks]
Åmøy, Rogaland (Stikkmann + Omrisser)
Åmøy (Meling), Rogaland +page +page (Stikkmann)
Åmøya (Klubba), Nordland +page (Omrisser) [lichen-scraping technique]
Årby, Västmanland (Stikkmann)
Ås (Skien), Telemark (Stikkmann)
Åskollen, Buskerud (Innrisser)
Åsvittinge, Norrköping (Stikkmann) [97% cup marks]

Internet resources.
Kulturminnesøk, Norway.
The Megalithic Portal.
Rupestre.net: Rock Art in the Alps.
Stiftelsen för dokumentation av Bohusläns hällristningar.
Swedish Rock Art Research Archives.
Swedish Rune Map.

Multi-site descriptions. (More references).
Engelstad, Eivind, 1934. Østnorske ristninger og malinger av den arktiske gruppe.
Fett, Eva N. & Per Fett, 1941. Sydvestnorske helleristninger: Rogaland og Lista.
Gjerde, Jan Magne, 2010. Rock art and landscapes. Studies of Stone Age rock art from Northern Fennoscandia.
Gjessing, Gutorm, 1932. Arktiske helleristninger i Nord-Norge.
Gjessing, Gutorm, 1936. Nordenfjelske ristninger og malinger av den arktiske gruppe.
Hagen, Anders, 1965. Rock Carvings in Norway.
Hagen, Anders, 1976. Bergkunst: Jegerfolkets helleristninger og malninger i norsk steinalder.
Hagen, Anders, 1990. Helleristningar i Noreg.
Helberg, Bjørn Hebba, 2016. Bergkunst nord for Polarsirkelen.
Helskog, Knut, 1988. Helleristningene i Alta.
Hygen, Anne-Sophie & Lasse Bengtsson, 1999. Helleristninger i grensebygd: Bohuslän og Østfold.
Hygen, Anne-Sophie & Lasse Bengtsson, 2000. Rock Carvings in the Borderlands: Bohuslän and Østfold.
Mandt, Gro & Trond Lødøen, 2005. Bergkunst. Helleristningar i Noreg.
Mandt, Gro & Trond Lødøen, 2010. The Rock Art of Norway.
Mandt Larsen, Gro, 1972. Bergbilder i Hordaland.
Marstrander, Sverre & Kalle Sognnes, 1999. Trøndelags jordbruksristninger.
Mikkelsen, Egil, 1977. Østnorske veideristninger: Kronologi og øko-kulturelt miljø.
Moe, Steinar & Einar Østmo, 1994. Norske helleristninger.
Simonsen, Povl, 1958. Arktiske helleristninger i Nord-Norge II.
Sognnes, Kalle, 1999. Det levende berget.
Sognnes, Kalle, 1999. Helleristninger i Stjørdal.
Tansem, Karin, 2022. Helleristningene i Alta: Estetikken, geologien og figurene.
Vogt, David, 2012. Østfolds helleristninger.

The links below explain my evidence and hypotheses (including hypotheses that I have abandoned).
   Index of the website https://groups.io/g/VikingRockArt

378. Steinn Stikkmann drew Norwegian-style lofts in Valcamonica  (2/2026)

377. Paddles became Stikkmann's favorite doodle image in Valcamonica  (2/2026)

376. Do Valcamonica petroglyphs really depict village life in the Alps?  (2/2026)

375. Steinn Stikkmann reworked his Swedish hunting-motif many times in Italy (2/2026)

374. These geology students are not praying (2/2026)

372. Distinctive birds migrated with Steinn Stikkmann from Sweden to Italy (2/2026)

361/370/373. Similar plowing scenes at Tanum and Valcamonica (2/2026)

369. Stikkmann’s images at Aspeberget (Tanum) and Cemmo (Valcamonica) (2/2026)

368. Stikkmann’s route from the Ligurian Sea to the Western Alps and the Eastern Alps (2/2026)

367. Steinn Stikkmann's horse-and-chariot motif in Aussois, Western Alps (2/2026)

365. Longship voyages by Scandinavian petroglyph artists (2/2026)

364. Two types of Camunian roses: Camunian swastikas and Camunian Xs (2/2026)

362. 1294 shoe-prints and footprints have been found in Valcamonica (2/2026)

360. Man standing on a horse at Valcamonica and Tanum (2/2026)

359. Dueling men as a motif at Tanum and Valcamonica (2/2026)

358. Find 22 birds at Tanum (2/2026)

357. Exposed men with spears at Tanum and Valcamonica (2/2026)

355. Steinn Stikkmann’s deer at Bohuslän (Sweden) and at Valcamonica (Italy) (2/2026)

354. 10,000-years of petroglyphs in Valcamonica is simply wishful thinking (2/2026)

353. Stikkmann’s 'Camunian roses' in Bohuslän Sweden and Valcamonica Italy (2/2026)

352. Steinn Stikkmann’s made thousands of petroglyphs in Valcamonica, Italy (1/2026)

350. Map of Steinn Stikkmann’s cup marks and petroglyphs in Sweden (1/2026)

348. Gutorm Gjessing fooled the ski-world for 90 years (1/2026)

345. Steinn Stikkmann’s men with calf-muscles and no biceps (1/2026)

343. Stikkmann's slimline horses in Norway (1/2026)

342. January 2026 status report for Helleristninger.com (1/2026)

340. Re: Distinctive images: 2-wheeled cart pulled by 2 thin horses, by Steinn Stikkmann  (1/2026)

337. Innrisser’s story elements at Ole Pedersen, Bergheim, Bergbukten, and Kåfjord in Alta (12/2025)

335/338. Guide to helleristninger at Apana Gård, Alta (12/2025)

333/336. Guide to helleristninger at Bergheim, Alta (12/2025)

332. Guide to helleristninger at Ole Pedersen, Alta (12/2025)

328/329/330. Can you find Omrisser's reindeer within Innrisser's herd? (11-12/2025)

327. Omrisser and Innrisser at the five main sites of Hjemmeluft, Alta (11/2025)

323/326. Guide to helleristninger at Bergbukten Alta (11/2025)

321/325. Guide to Nämforsen hällristningar  (11/2025)

324. Guide to helleristninger at Bogge (11/2025)

322. Guide to helleristninger at Sjømannskolen (Ekeberg) Oslo (11/2025)

316/319. Who made which engravings at Nämforsen?  (11/2025)

261/320. Innrisser’s powerful animal-head sticks (Alta, Vingen, and Nämforsen)  (11/2025)

312. Steinn Stikkmann visited only one island in Bohuslän (Orust)  (10/2025)

311. Stikkmann liked the looks of Bronze Age axes (but drew them in the Iron Age)  (10/2025)

310/313. Why are there no petroglyphs on the islands in the Tanum-Kville area?  (10/2025)

309/315. Steinn Stikkmann's sites in Denmark  (10/2025)

308. Sagaholm and Bredarör are Bronze Age monuments, decorated by Stikkmann in about 400 AD

307. Brandskogsskeppet may have been an engraved copy of another artist’s drawing  (9/2025)

293/296/306. Steinn Stikkmann's sites in eastern and southern Sweden  (5/2025)

305. Steinn Stikkmann wanted his art to be seen and appreciated  (9/2025)

304. List of references for Scandinavian rock art  (9/2025)

303. Archaeologists have never found chips from supposed stone pecking tools  (6/2025)

302. Steinn Stikkmann visited Tjøtta, north Norway’s main pre-Viking settlement  (6/2025)

301. Steinn Stikkmann left boats, cup marks, and runes on Ytterøya  (6/2025)

300. Map of Steinn Stikkmann's travels  (6/2025)

298/299. Fluky site locations: Absence of evidence is evidence of absence  (5/2025)

297. I now know of runes at six of Steinn Stikkmann’s petroglyph sites  (5/2025)

294. Differing mindsets in geology and archaeology  (5/2025)

290. Rennebu and Gravem petroglyphs show that Stikkmann began his long journey on foot

289. Steinn Stikkmann left his mark on the island Bornholm  (4/2025)

287. "Same ship, different day"  (4/2025)

286. Mostly cup marks on Orust, because there is no Bohus Granite there  (4/2025)

285. Percentages of Stikkmann’s figures at sites in Bohuslän, and at Lista, Leirfall, & Foss

284. Steinn Stikkmann made a U-turn at the southern tip of Norway  (4/2025)

283. Only three traveling artists (not four)  (4/2025)

282. Steinn Stikkmann loved engraving cup marks  (4/2025)

281. Sites in Bohuslän with swastikas and Elder Futhark runes by Steinn Stikkmann  (4/2025)

279. The maypole (majstången) of Tanum was probably not engraved by Steinn Stikkmann

278. Stikkmann’s art at Kivik is from about 400 CE, but the monument is probably older

277. Tryggvi Tagger probably learned nailpoint technique from Stikkmann at Børve

276. Innrisser and Omrisser were together at Glemmestad (2/2025)

275. Stikkmann’s phalluses were about masculinity and power, not fertility  (2/2025)

274. Innrisser and Omrisser were together at Ekeberg, Oslo (2/2025)

273. Innrisser and Omrisser were together at Salthammeren, Hardangerfjord  (2/2025)

272. Petroglyph sites record Stikkmann’s journey from Bergen to Stavanger to Telemark

271. Four traveling graffiti artists and one traveling graffiti tagger (2/2025)

270. Petroglyph sites show how Stikkmann traveled from Skien to the Bohus Granite  (4/2025)

269. At Bardal, Innrisser’s deer got humps and bigger heads (2/2025)

268. How Innrisser's deer (finally) got their humps (2/2025)

267. At Selbustrand, I imagine Stikkmann thinking: 'These boulders are like from heaven!'

264. Innrisser and Omrisser were together on the island Langnesholmen in Altafjorden

263. Ingi Innrisser’s early styles of drawing humans at Vingen, Storsteinen, and Amtmannsnes

262. Ingi Innrisser’s birthplace was probably Skatestraumen near Vingen (1/2025)

261. Innrisser’s powerful animal-head sticks (Alta, Vingen, and Nämforsen) (1/2025)

258. Oddr Omrisser’s birthplace was probably between Strömsund and Nämforsen, Sweden

257/259. Porpoise images show that Omrisser visited Tennes early in his career (1/2025)

256. Stikkmann’s birthplace was probably Foss in Gauldalen, central Norway (1/2025)

  ResearchGate PDF with links to 220 petroglyph sites (12/2024)

220/252. Elder Futhark runes (c. 400 AD) at Stuberg, Tessem, & Kårstad, by Stikkmann

248/249/250. Stikkmann preferred Iddefjord (Bohus) Granite panels for his petroglyphs

247. Petroglyphs in Skien, tracings by Marstrander (1969) (12/2024)

246. Examples (2) of petroglyphs from the book 'Hällristningar och Kultbruk'

245. Examples of petroglyphs from the book 'Hällristningar och Kultbruk' by Almgren (1927)

244. Stikkmann's petroglyphs date the Kivik King's Grave to about 400 CE (12/2024)

242. Petroglyphs of supposed 'Bronze Age boats' are all from the Iron Age (12/2024)

241. Distinctive images: Another huge Stikkmann longship discovered this month (11/2024)

238. Ingi Innrisser could have made all the 'Østnorske veideristninger' in a single summer

237. Distinctive images: Outlines of bears, by Oddr Omrisser (11/2024)

236. Alphabetical list of petroglyph sites and artists (11/2024)

235. The rock art painting motifs in Finland are very different than those in northern Sweden

234. Ramqvist map shows limited motifs of ocher petroglyphs in northern Sweden (11/2024)

233. Map from Jamtli.com of all known ocher-paint petroglyph sites in northern Sweden

232. Ocher-paint petroglyphs in Mid-Norway (11/2024)

231. Distinctive images: Porpoises, by Oddr Omrisser (11/2024)

230/239. Omrisser made ocher paintings in Sweden in winter, standing on ice-covered lakes

226/227/228/229. Did Innrisser carve the 'Surnadal man' before or after the 'Ausevik men'?

225. Stikkmann traveled to Østfold-Bohuslän via Sporaneset, missing Aust-Agder (11/2024)

224. Maps of Bårdr Båtmann's sites in Stavanger and SW Norway, from Fett & Fett (1941)

223. Oddr Omrisser’s sites and works in Mid Norway and Sweden (11/2024)

222. Stikkmann, Båtmann, Innrisser & Omrisser were 'pre-Viking Banksys'

221. Distinctive images: A big fish (by Omrisser) on top of petroglyphs at Alta and Stavanger

219. How could one artist produce petroglyphs at 2700 sites in the Østfold-Bohuslän area?

216. Distinctive images: Deer looking back, by Oddr Omrisser (11/2024)

214/217. Distinctive images: A few 'giants' on a longship, by Steinn Stikkmann (11/2024)

213/215. Distinctive images: Complex scenes, by Ingi Innrisser (10/2024)

212/260. Distinctive images: Large, naturalistic animals, by Oddr Omrisser (10/2024)

211/340. Distinctive images: Chariot pulled by 2 thin horses, by Steinn Stikkmann (10/2024)

209. Distinctive images: Isolated deer head, by Oddr Omrisser (10/2024)

208. Distinctive images: Man approaching tiny woman from behind, by Oddr Omrisser

207. Distinctive images: Rhombs with 3D effect, by Oddr Omrisser (10/2024)

206/243. Distinctive images: Processions, by Steinn Stikkmann (10/2024)

204. Map of sites where 4 petroglyph artists worked, and 3 areas with no known petroglyphs

199. Petroglyphs tell about the 'Pre-Viking Age' in Scandinavia (10/2024)

198. Photos from Bøe (1932) show that a sharp point was used to peck Vingen petroglyphs

197. 'Omrisser' (Outliner) never visited Vingen (10/2024)

196. All the helleristninger at Vingen were made by one visiting artist: 'Innrisser'   (10/2024)

195. 'Inliner' may have used boat nails from Slettnes III at Slettnes IV (5/2024)

194. Inliner's work now recognized on boulders at Slettnes (5/2024)

193. Stickman (the first) and Outliner (the last) of the great petroglyph artists (12/2023)

191. Lecture on Stickman and Outliner (20 figures) (11/2023)

(Video) Lecture on Stickman and Outliner (first 40 seconds in Norwegian)

190. Map of 90 petroglyph sites and typology used to identify 7 artists (10/2023)

181. Red-ochre painting at Tingvoll and at Fångsjön: a fourth technique used by Outliner

178. Map of 90 sites where petroglyph artists worked, and 3 areas where none are known

173. Stickman may have made all of the petroglyphs in the Østfold-Bohuslän area (8/2023)

172. Why are there no known petroglyph sites in Aust-Agder? (8/2023)

171. Outliner's large humans at Alta, Bardal, Bøla, Evenhus, Forselv, and Lånke (8/2023)

170. Futhark runes and a swastika independently date the Kårstad petroglyphs to 400 AD

165. Kårstad petroglyphs (200-500 AD) show runes and Hjortspring-style boats (7/2023)

163. Outliner learned to draw longships at Stavanger and then drew them at Alta

161. At Bogge, chasing after petroglyph artists (7/2023)

158. Longship and boat petroglyphs at Apana gård Alta (7/2023)

155. Matching images at 9 and 23 meters above sea level at Alta (7/2023)

121/154. Lumpers and splitters: I am a lumper, whereas archaeologists have refused to lump

152. Who made the longships of Iron-Age-style at Apana, Alta? (7/2023)

148. Learn to recognize Outliner's boats (7/2023)

147. "...depictions comparable to the South Scandinavian Bronze Age and Iron Age boats"

146. Bergbukten 1 (Alta): two artworks for the price of one (7/2023)

141/145. Inliner's 'nailpoint' reindeer at Apana gård (8-10 m. above present sea level) (7/2023)

144. The famous petroglyph 'Man on skis' was probably a man standing in a boat

143. Two 'owners' of reindeer at Bergbukten 4B Alta ('Inliner' and 'Outliner') (7/2023)

142. Animal-head sticks and animal-head boats in Alta petroglyphs (7/2023)

140/149/153. Map of six petroglyph artists and sites where they worked (3) (7/2023)

139. Amtmann — another petroglyph artist that can be recognized at Alta (7/2023)

137/138. A few hours' work by Outliner at Kåfjord, Alta (2) (7/2023)

136/150. Outliner carved petroglyphs on top of previous artworks at Bogge, Bardal, Alta

133. Outliner's petroglyphs are easy to recognize, and found only in the north (2) (7/2023)

132. Stykket is an example of 'distressed' art by Outliner (7/2023)

131. Petroglyphs at Leiknes: rock art from one year, or from five hundred years? (2) (7/2023)

130. Petroglyphs at Alta that I ascribe to Outliner and Inliner (tracings in the book by Helskog)

128. Some petroglyph moose at Alta that I ascribe to Outliner and Inliner (7/2023)

126. Some petroglyphs in central Scandianvia that I ascribe to Outliner and Inliner (7/2023)

124. Outliner's petroglyphs are easy to recognize, and found only in the north (7/2023)

123. Outliner drew 'bulging' eyes at Brennholtet and Leiknes, and unique mouth lines (7/2023)

122. Iron longship nails were ideal for making 'nailpoint' petroglyphs (7/2023)

120. Photos taken at Tennes (Gråberget, Balsfjord) in northern Norway (6/2023)

118. Photos taken at Tennes (Kirkely, Balsfjord) in northern Norway (6/2023)

117. Photos taken at Tennes (Bukkhammaren, Balsfjord) in northern Norway (6/2023)

116. Petroglyphs at Leiknes: rock art from one year, or from five hundred years? (6/2023)

115. No petroglyphs or Viking artifacts have been found in Finland (6/2023)

114. Outliner's nailpoint art at the Ole Pedersen site, Hjemmeluft, Alta (6/2023)

113. Why my manuscripts were rejected by the journals ‘Viking’ and ‘Primitive Tider (6/2023)

112. Stickman's early showpiece at Leirfall is currently closed to the public (6/2023)

109. Outliner's elegant pose: deer looking backward (6/2023)

108. Close-up photos of Inliner's 'nailpoint art' at the Ole Pedersen site, Hjemmeluft, Alta

106. Map of five petroglyph artists and sites where they worked (6/2023)

103. Outliner 'scraped' his petroglyphs in Nordland (he did not 'polish' them) (6/2023)

102. Ismo Luukkonen shows petroglyphs of 83 Scandinavian sites for you to study at home

101. Outliner's reindeer and moose at Fykanvatnet, near Glomfjord (6/2023)

100. Outliner's scraped moose petroglyph at Mjønes (Vågan) (6/2023)

99. Outliner's reindeer and man at Bøla, near Steinkjer (6/2023)

98. Outliner's 'design-signature' at Hell (near Stjørdal) and Forselv (near Narvik) (6/2023)

97. Inliner's 'nailpoint art' at Kåfjord, Alta (6/2023)

96. Outliner's 'nailpoint art' in a one-man show at Apanes, Alta (6/2023)

95. No petroglyphs are found in suitable rocks near the shorelines (why not?) (6/2023)

93. Map of three main petroglyph artists (6/2023)

92. It was typical of Outliner to ignore the feet (5/2023)

91. Alta - Kåfjord petroglyphs seem to show early Sámi culture and early Viking culture

89. Distinguishing between Inliner's work and Outliner's work at Alta (5/2023)

87 & 88. Outliner drew collars on some of his reindeer (2) (5/2023)

86. A boat with a square sail (5/2023)

85. Sámi people lived with domesticated reindeer also before Viking times (5/2023)

84. Stickman trained in soft sedimentary rocks in the Stjørdal area (5/2023)

82. Outliner used three different techniques to outline bodies and body parts (5/2023)

81. Three artists made nearly all the petroglyphs around Trondheimsfjorden (5/2023)

80. Runes and petroglyphs at Ystines / Ydstines near Stjørdal (5/2023)

79. Petroglyph artists probably spoke a Scandinavian language (5/2023)

78. Inliner probably traveled to Ekeberg (Oslo) by boat, not by foot (5/2023)

77. Artist's names are not set in stone (5/2023)

76. Digital caliper: a new tool for describing petroglyphs (5/2023)

75. A paradigm for Scandinavian petroglyphs (manuscript to journal Primitive Tider) (5/2023)

66. Shoe prints. Artists often learn or copy from others (2/2023)

64. Names of places where petroglyph artists exhibited their work (2/2023)

62. Five petroglyph artists recognized by their motifs and artistic styles (manus. in prep)

61. An alternative interpretation of some petroglyphs in Finnmark (manus. to journal Viking)

59. Boats with animal heads among petroglyphs at Peterborough Canada (1/2023)

56. Vikings visited many coasts and rivers in their longships (1/2023)

55. Petroglyphs in Peterborough Canada, probably made by a Viking artist (1/2023)

53. "Shoreline dates" are not really dates at all. Better to call them "Shore maximum ages"

52. Hard rocks can't be engraved using stone-age tools. Most Scandinavian rocks are hard.

51. A simple explanation for petroglyph cup marks (12/2022)

45-49. 'Iron-age Banksys': how widely did they spread their wall-art? (5) (11/2022)

44. Most petroglyphs were made within sight and shouting distance of the shoreline (11/2022)

43. Petroglyph shoreline dates should be referred to as «shore-limiting dates» (11/2022)

42. Lichen grows on all exposed rocks in Norway (11/2022)

39. Shoreline dating improperly used to date Vyg whale hunting (11/2022)

38. Petroglyph evidence for cultural exchange between Vikings and Sámi (11/2022)

36. Nämforsen petroglyphs supposedly show a 4000-year spread of carvings (7/2023)

34. Petroglyph artists (300-800 AD) were Scandinavian and did not visit Finland (11/2022)

33. What does this strange petroglyph really show? (11/2022)

32. Spoiler alert: my musings kill good stories and eliminate fun puzzles (11/2022)

31. Arctic summer hunting trips, destination Alta (11/2022)

30. The Gamnes petroglyph and knapped-flint site can be no older than 1700 years

29. See how flint arrowheads are knapped (Youtube) (11/2022)

27. Newly discovered petroglyphs at 26 m show shoreline-dating gives us falsely old ages

26. Grahame Clark (1975): The Earlier Stone Age Settlement of Scandinavia (11/2022)

24. How 'shoreline dating' has been used for Alta petroglyphs (11/2022)

21. A petroglyph of a longship with an animal-head prow nails its age (11/2022)

20. Biases maximize the age and archaeological value of Leirfall petroglyphs (11/2022)

19. The Professor's Old Claims (12/2022)

17. A Viking-age neck ring (torc) brought to Alta and abandoned there (11/2022)

16. Why Alta petroglyphs do not include women and children (11/2022)

15. "Here's our stuff. Ready to use again this summer!" (11/2022)

14. 30 rowers (15 pairs) in a longship in Alta (11/2022)

13. Ships with an animal-head prow, manned by long-distance rowers (10/2022)

12. The Kvalsund ship from 780 AD resembles an Alta petroglyph (10/2022)

11. The Hjortspring boat (350 BCE) had a crew of 20 rowers. It was built without nails

10. Alta petroglyph boats. Myth vs. reality (10/2022)

9. Could Alta boats really have been made before iron nails were available? (10/2022)

8. The words "Viking" and "Iron" are taboo in publications on Nordic petroglyphs

7. Lødøen (2015) on the experimental production of petroglyph images using a stone tool

6. The petroglyph artist at Storsteinen had no "sketchbook", only one "page" to draw on

5. Deep narrow engravings could not have been made before metal chisels were available

4. Bård Amundsen's article on the Viking-like culture that is said to be over 3000 years old

3. Jan Magne Gjerde (2010) Rock art and landscapes (10/2022)

2. Alta rock art is probably Viking rock art (10/2022)

1. Boat petroglyphs at Alta, Norway (photos at Donsmaps.com) (10/2022)

Allan Krill
allankrill@gmail.com